ELISA is a widely used diagnostic tool that detects antibodies or antigens in blood, helping identify infections and track disease spread. By enabling large-scale testing, it plays a critical role in public health surveillance and outbreak response, especially in regions like Latin America.
In the lab, scientists don’t ask cells questions — they measure gene expression. By tracking RNA, the messages genes send when they’re active, researchers can see whether cells are fighting infection, responding to treatment, or changing behavior. Techniques like qPCR, RNA sequencing, and single-cell analysis help decode these molecular signals.
Scientists don’t just count cases to detect outbreaks — they use spatial tools to find hidden patterns in disease spread. This article explains how scan statistics work and why univariate and multivariate approaches help reveal outbreak clusters and shared transmission environments across regions.
PCR and antigen tests both detect viruses, but they work in very different ways. PCR amplifies viral genetic material for highly sensitive detection, while antigen tests identify viral proteins for faster results. Understanding when to use each test helps guide diagnosis, screening, and public-health decisions.
